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CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="PROTOCOL-MESSAGE-FORMATS"
>46.5. Message Formats</A
></H1
><P
>This section describes the detailed format of each message.  Each is marked to
indicate that it can be sent by a frontend (F), a backend (B), or both
(F &amp; B).
Notice that although each message includes a byte count at the beginning,
the message format is defined so that the message end can be found without
reference to the byte count.  This aids validity checking.  (The CopyData
message is an exception, because it forms part of a data stream; the contents
of any individual CopyData message cannot be interpretable on their own.)</P
><P
></P
><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>AuthenticationOk (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('R')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as an authentication request.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(8)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(0)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Specifies that the authentication was successful.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>AuthenticationKerberosV5 (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('R')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as an authentication request.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(8)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(2)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Specifies that Kerberos V5 authentication is required.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P></P
></DD
><DT
>AuthenticationCleartextPassword (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('R')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as an authentication request.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(8)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(3)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Specifies that a clear-text password is required.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P></P
></DD
><DT
>AuthenticationMD5Password (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('R')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as an authentication request.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(12)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(5)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Specifies that an MD5-encrypted password is required.</P
></DD
><DT
>Byte4</DT
><DD
><P
>                The salt to use when encrypting the password.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>AuthenticationSCMCredential (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('R')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as an authentication request.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(8)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(6)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Specifies that an SCM credentials message is required.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>AuthenticationGSS (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('R')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as an authentication request.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(8)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(7)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Specifies that GSSAPI authentication is required.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>AuthenticationSSPI (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('R')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as an authentication request.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(8)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(9)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Specifies that SSPI authentication is required.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>AuthenticationGSSContinue (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('R')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as an authentication request.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(8)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Specifies that this message contains GSSAPI or SSPI data.</P
></DD
><DT
>Byte<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>n</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>                GSSAPI or SSPI authentication data.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>BackendKeyData (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('K')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as cancellation key data.
                The frontend must save these values if it wishes to be
                able to issue CancelRequest messages later.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(12)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                The process ID of this backend.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                The secret key of this backend.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>Bind (F)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('B')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a Bind command.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The name of the destination portal
                (an empty string selects the unnamed portal).</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The name of the source prepared statement
                (an empty string selects the unnamed prepared statement).</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16</DT
><DD
><P
>                The number of parameter format codes that follow
                (denoted <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>C</I
></TT
> below).
                This can be zero to indicate that there are no parameters
                or that the parameters all use the default format (text);
                or one, in which case the specified format code is applied
                to all parameters; or it can equal the actual number of
                parameters.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16[<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>C</I
></TT
>]</DT
><DD
><P
>                The parameter format codes.  Each must presently be
                zero (text) or one (binary).</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16</DT
><DD
><P
>                The number of parameter values that follow (possibly zero).
                This must match the number of parameters needed by the query.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>
        Next, the following pair of fields appear for each parameter:
<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                The length of the parameter value, in bytes (this count
                does not include itself).  Can be zero.
                As a special case, -1 indicates a NULL parameter value.
                No value bytes follow in the NULL case.</P
></DD
><DT
>Byte<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>n</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>                The value of the parameter, in the format indicated by the
                associated format code.
                <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>n</I
></TT
> is the above length.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>
        After the last parameter, the following fields appear:
<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Int16</DT
><DD
><P
>                The number of result-column format codes that follow
                (denoted <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>R</I
></TT
> below).
                This can be zero to indicate that there are no result columns
                or that the result columns should all use the default format
                (text);
                or one, in which case the specified format code is applied
                to all result columns (if any); or it can equal the actual
                number of result columns of the query.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16[<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>R</I
></TT
>]</DT
><DD
><P
>                The result-column format codes.  Each must presently be
                zero (text) or one (binary).</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P></P
></DD
><DT
>BindComplete (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('2')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a Bind-complete indicator.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(4)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>CancelRequest (F)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Int32(16)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(80877102)</DT
><DD
><P
>                The cancel request code.  The value is chosen to contain
                <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>1234</TT
> in the most significant 16 bits, and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>5678</TT
> in the
                least significant 16 bits.  (To avoid confusion, this code
                must not be the same as any protocol version number.)</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                The process ID of the target backend.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                The secret key for the target backend.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>Close (F)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('C')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a Close command.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Byte1</DT
><DD
><P
>                '<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>S</TT
>' to close a prepared statement; or
                '<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>P</TT
>' to close a portal.</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The name of the prepared statement or portal to close
                (an empty string selects the unnamed prepared statement
                or portal).</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P></P
></DD
><DT
>CloseComplete (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('3')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a Close-complete indicator.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(4)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>CommandComplete (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('C')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a command-completed response.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>        The command tag.  This is usually a single
        word that identifies which SQL command was completed.
       </P
><P
>        For an <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>INSERT</TT
> command, the tag is
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>INSERT <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>oid</I
></TT
>
        <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rows</I
></TT
></TT
>, where
        <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rows</I
></TT
> is the number of rows
        inserted. <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>oid</I
></TT
> is the object ID
        of the inserted row if <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rows</I
></TT
> is 1
        and the target table has OIDs;
        otherwise <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>oid</I
></TT
> is 0.
       </P
><P
>        For a <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>DELETE</TT
> command, the tag is
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>DELETE <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rows</I
></TT
></TT
> where
        <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rows</I
></TT
> is the number of rows deleted.
       </P
><P
>        For an <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>UPDATE</TT
> command, the tag is
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>UPDATE <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rows</I
></TT
></TT
> where
        <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rows</I
></TT
> is the number of rows updated.
       </P
><P
>        For a <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>SELECT</TT
> or <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE TABLE AS</TT
>
        command, the tag is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>SELECT <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rows</I
></TT
></TT
>
        where <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rows</I
></TT
> is the number of rows retrieved.
       </P
><P
>        For a <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>MOVE</TT
> command, the tag is
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>MOVE <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rows</I
></TT
></TT
> where
        <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rows</I
></TT
> is the number of rows the
        cursor's position has been changed by.
       </P
><P
>        For a <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>FETCH</TT
> command, the tag is
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>FETCH <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rows</I
></TT
></TT
> where
        <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rows</I
></TT
> is the number of rows that
        have been retrieved from the cursor.
       </P
><P
>        For a <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY</TT
> command, the tag is
        <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>COPY <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rows</I
></TT
></TT
> where
        <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>rows</I
></TT
> is the number of rows copied.
        (Note: the row count appears only in
        <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
> 8.2 and later.)
       </P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>CopyData (F &amp; B)</DT
><DD
><P
><P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('d')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY</TT
> data.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Byte<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>n</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>                Data that forms part of a <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY</TT
> data stream.  Messages sent
                from the backend will always correspond to single data rows,
                but messages sent by frontends might divide the data stream
                arbitrarily.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P></P
></DD
><DT
>CopyDone (F &amp; B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('c')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY</TT
>-complete indicator.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(4)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>CopyFail (F)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('f')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY</TT
>-failure indicator.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                An error message to report as the cause of failure.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>CopyInResponse (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('G')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a Start Copy In response.
                The frontend must now send copy-in data (if not
                prepared to do so, send a CopyFail message).</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int8</DT
><DD
><P
>                0 indicates the overall <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY</TT
> format is textual (rows
                separated by newlines, columns separated by separator
                characters, etc).
                1 indicates the overall copy format is binary (similar
                to DataRow format).
                See <A
HREF="sql-copy.html"
>COPY</A
>
                for more information.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16</DT
><DD
><P
>                The number of columns in the data to be copied
                (denoted <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>N</I
></TT
> below).</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16[<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>N</I
></TT
>]</DT
><DD
><P
>                The format codes to be used for each column.
                Each must presently be zero (text) or one (binary).
                All must be zero if the overall copy format is textual.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>CopyOutResponse (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('H')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a Start Copy Out response.
                This message will be followed by copy-out data.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int8</DT
><DD
><P
>                0 indicates the overall <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY</TT
> format
                is textual (rows separated by newlines, columns
                separated by separator characters, etc). 1 indicates
                the overall copy format is binary (similar to DataRow
                format). See <A
HREF="sql-copy.html"
>COPY</A
> for more information.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16</DT
><DD
><P
>                The number of columns in the data to be copied
                (denoted <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>N</I
></TT
> below).</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16[<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>N</I
></TT
>]</DT
><DD
><P
>                The format codes to be used for each column.
                Each must presently be zero (text) or one (binary).
                All must be zero if the overall copy format is textual.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>CopyBothResponse (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('W')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a Start Copy Both response.
                This message is used only for Streaming Replication.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int8</DT
><DD
><P
>                0 indicates the overall <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY</TT
> format
                is textual (rows separated by newlines, columns
                separated by separator characters, etc). 1 indicates
                the overall copy format is binary (similar to DataRow
                format). See <A
HREF="sql-copy.html"
>COPY</A
> for more information.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16</DT
><DD
><P
>                The number of columns in the data to be copied
                (denoted <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>N</I
></TT
> below).</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16[<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>N</I
></TT
>]</DT
><DD
><P
>                The format codes to be used for each column.
                Each must presently be zero (text) or one (binary).
                All must be zero if the overall copy format is textual.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>DataRow (B)</DT
><DD
><P
><P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('D')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a data row.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16</DT
><DD
><P
>                The number of column values that follow (possibly zero).</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>
        Next, the following pair of fields appear for each column:
<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                The length of the column value, in bytes (this count
                does not include itself).  Can be zero.
                As a special case, -1 indicates a NULL column value.
                No value bytes follow in the NULL case.</P
></DD
><DT
>Byte<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>n</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>                The value of the column, in the format indicated by the
                associated format code.
                <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>n</I
></TT
> is the above length.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>Describe (F)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('D')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a Describe command.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Byte1</DT
><DD
><P
>                '<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>S</TT
>' to describe a prepared statement; or
                '<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>P</TT
>' to describe a portal.</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The name of the prepared statement or portal to describe
                (an empty string selects the unnamed prepared statement
                or portal).</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P></P
></DD
><DT
>EmptyQueryResponse (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('I')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a response to an empty query string.
                (This substitutes for CommandComplete.)</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(4)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>ErrorResponse (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('E')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as an error.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>
        The message body consists of one or more identified fields,
        followed by a zero byte as a terminator.  Fields can appear in
        any order.  For each field there is the following:
<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1</DT
><DD
><P
>                A code identifying the field type; if zero, this is
                the message terminator and no string follows.
                The presently defined field types are listed in
                <A
HREF="protocol-error-fields.html"
>Section 46.6</A
>.
                Since more field types might be added in future,
                frontends should silently ignore fields of unrecognized
                type.</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The field value.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>Execute (F)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('E')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as an Execute command.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The name of the portal to execute
                (an empty string selects the unnamed portal).</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Maximum number of rows to return, if portal contains
                a query that returns rows (ignored otherwise).  Zero
                denotes <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"no limit"</SPAN
>.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P></P
></DD
><DT
>Flush (F)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('H')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a Flush command.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(4)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>FunctionCall (F)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('F')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a function call.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Specifies the object ID of the function to call.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16</DT
><DD
><P
>                The number of argument format codes that follow
                (denoted <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>C</I
></TT
> below).
                This can be zero to indicate that there are no arguments
                or that the arguments all use the default format (text);
                or one, in which case the specified format code is applied
                to all arguments; or it can equal the actual number of
                arguments.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16[<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>C</I
></TT
>]</DT
><DD
><P
>                The argument format codes.  Each must presently be
                zero (text) or one (binary).</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16</DT
><DD
><P
>                Specifies the number of arguments being supplied to the
                function.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>
        Next, the following pair of fields appear for each argument:
<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                The length of the argument value, in bytes (this count
                does not include itself).  Can be zero.
                As a special case, -1 indicates a NULL argument value.
                No value bytes follow in the NULL case.</P
></DD
><DT
>Byte<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>n</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>                The value of the argument, in the format indicated by the
                associated format code.
                <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>n</I
></TT
> is the above length.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>
        After the last argument, the following field appears:
<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Int16</DT
><DD
><P
>                The format code for the function result. Must presently be
                zero (text) or one (binary).</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>FunctionCallResponse (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('V')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a function call result.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                The length of the function result value, in bytes (this count
                does not include itself).  Can be zero.
                As a special case, -1 indicates a NULL function result.
                No value bytes follow in the NULL case.</P
></DD
><DT
>Byte<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>n</I
></TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>                The value of the function result, in the format indicated by
                the associated format code.
                <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>n</I
></TT
> is the above length.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>NoData (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('n')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a no-data indicator.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(4)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>NoticeResponse (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('N')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a notice.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>
        The message body consists of one or more identified fields,
        followed by a zero byte as a terminator.  Fields can appear in
        any order.  For each field there is the following:
<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1</DT
><DD
><P
>                A code identifying the field type; if zero, this is
                the message terminator and no string follows.
                The presently defined field types are listed in
                <A
HREF="protocol-error-fields.html"
>Section 46.6</A
>.
                Since more field types might be added in future,
                frontends should silently ignore fields of unrecognized
                type.</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The field value.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>NotificationResponse (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('A')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a notification response.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                The process ID of the notifying backend process.</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The name of the channel that the notify has been raised on.</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"payload"</SPAN
> string passed from the notifying process.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>ParameterDescription (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('t')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a parameter description.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16</DT
><DD
><P
>                The number of parameters used by the statement
                (can be zero).</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>
        Then, for each parameter, there is the following:
<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Specifies the object ID of the parameter data type.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P></P
></DD
><DT
>ParameterStatus (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('S')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a run-time parameter status report.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The name of the run-time parameter being reported.</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The current value of the parameter.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P></P
></DD
><DT
>Parse (F)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('P')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a Parse command.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The name of the destination prepared statement
                (an empty string selects the unnamed prepared statement).</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The query string to be parsed.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16</DT
><DD
><P
>                The number of parameter data types specified
                (can be zero).  Note that this is not an indication of
                the number of parameters that might appear in the
                query string, only the number that the frontend wants to
                prespecify types for.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>
        Then, for each parameter, there is the following:
<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Specifies the object ID of the parameter data type.
                Placing a zero here is equivalent to leaving the type
                unspecified.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P></P
></DD
><DT
>ParseComplete (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('1')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a Parse-complete indicator.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(4)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>PasswordMessage (F)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('p')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a password response. Note that
                this is also used for GSSAPI and SSPI response messages
                (which is really a design error, since the contained data
                is not a null-terminated string in that case, but can be
                arbitrary binary data).</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The password (encrypted, if requested).</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P></P
></DD
><DT
>PortalSuspended (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('s')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a portal-suspended indicator.
                Note this only appears if an Execute message's row-count limit
                was reached.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(4)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>Query (F)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('Q')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a simple query.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The query string itself.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>ReadyForQuery (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('Z')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message type.  ReadyForQuery is sent
                whenever the backend is ready for a new query cycle.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(5)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Byte1</DT
><DD
><P
>                Current backend transaction status indicator.
                Possible values are '<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>I</TT
>' if idle (not in
                a transaction block); '<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>T</TT
>' if in a transaction
                block; or '<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>E</TT
>' if in a failed transaction
                block (queries will be rejected until block is ended).</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>RowDescription (B)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('T')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a row description.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16</DT
><DD
><P
>                Specifies the number of fields in a row (can be zero).</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>
        Then, for each field, there is the following:
<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The field name.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                If the field can be identified as a column of a specific
                table, the object ID of the table; otherwise zero.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16</DT
><DD
><P
>                If the field can be identified as a column of a specific
                table, the attribute number of the column; otherwise zero.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                The object ID of the field's data type.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16</DT
><DD
><P
>                The data type size (see <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>pg_type.typlen</TT
>).
                Note that negative values denote variable-width types.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                The type modifier (see <TT
CLASS="VARNAME"
>pg_attribute.atttypmod</TT
>).
                The meaning of the modifier is type-specific.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int16</DT
><DD
><P
>                The format code being used for the field.  Currently will
                be zero (text) or one (binary).  In a RowDescription
                returned from the statement variant of Describe, the
                format code is not yet known and will always be zero.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>SSLRequest (F)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Int32(8)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(80877103)</DT
><DD
><P
>                The <ACRONYM
CLASS="ACRONYM"
>SSL</ACRONYM
> request code.  The value is chosen to contain
                <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>1234</TT
> in the most significant 16 bits, and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>5679</TT
> in the
                least significant 16 bits.  (To avoid confusion, this code
                must not be the same as any protocol version number.)</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>StartupMessage (F)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Int32</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(196608)</DT
><DD
><P
>                The protocol version number.  The most significant 16 bits are
                the major version number (3 for the protocol described here).
                The least significant 16 bits are the minor version number
                (0 for the protocol described here).</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>
        The protocol version number is followed by one or more pairs of
        parameter name and value strings.  A zero byte is required as a
        terminator after the last name/value pair.
        Parameters can appear in any
        order.  <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>user</TT
> is required, others are optional.
        Each parameter is specified as:
<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The parameter name.  Currently recognized names are:

<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>user</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>                        The database user name to connect as.  Required;
                        there is no default.</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>database</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>                        The database to connect to.  Defaults to the user name.</P
></DD
><DT
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>options</TT
></DT
><DD
><P
>                        Command-line arguments for the backend.  (This is
                        deprecated in favor of setting individual run-time
                        parameters.)</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>

                In addition to the above, any run-time parameter that can be
                set at backend start time might be listed.  Such settings
                will be applied during backend start (after parsing the
                command-line options if any).  The values will act as
                session defaults.</P
></DD
><DT
>String</DT
><DD
><P
>                The parameter value.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>Sync (F)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('S')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a Sync command.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(4)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
><DT
>Terminate (F)</DT
><DD
><P
>&#13;<P
></P
></P><DIV
CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
><DL
><DT
>Byte1('X')</DT
><DD
><P
>                Identifies the message as a termination.</P
></DD
><DT
>Int32(4)</DT
><DD
><P
>                Length of message contents in bytes, including self.</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
><P>&#13;</P
></DD
></DL
></DIV
></DIV
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